成為駭客的12個步驟

駭客是一個令人著迷的領域，但無疑地成為駭客是一件不簡單的事情。這裡我們列舉12個成為一位駭客必備的基本功夫。這篇文章我們焦距於成為一名駭客的技巧和態度。攻擊系統並且進入系統，這並不是只有駭客會這麼做。駭客所需要的知識相當的廣泛，還有他們的程式設計和作業系統的功力很深，學習對他們來說是必備的旅程。

12個步驟
成為一位駭客並不是一件簡單的任務，你需要的是態度和好奇心。閱讀完黑客宣言，它會教你駭客的態度，培養駭客的態度是更多關於開發語言的能力，而不是頑固的態度。雖然很多人們認為駭客是一名罪犯，在現實生活中，他們被大型公司雇用，負責保護資訊與減少潛在危機。駭客行為事實上是充滿自信和智取權威。身為一位駭客，對於獨裁統治、違反隱私和審查制度，你應該要不顧一切。其他的兵工廠是個騙局，使你的雙眼遮蔽獨裁的行為。偷竊某樣東西和傷害某人都不是黑客的行為，在社群上這類的人被稱為破壞者(cracker)。破壞者會涉及非法活動，我們不建議你與這類非法活動有關。

步驟1: 學習C語言
在電腦程式設計中，C語言是程式語言中，其中一個非常強大的語言，對於C語言真的必須要專精。談到C語言就會聯想到，1969年到1973年 AT&T貝爾實驗室的 Denise Ritchie ，C語言真的可以幫你將任務切割成更小塊，並且這些被切割的任務可以用一段命令來表示。試著自己寫個程式，藉此機會訓練你的邏輯。

資源: 35本C語言電子書

步驟2: 學習超過一種以上的程式語言
當你試著成為一位駭客，學習其他常見的程式語言是很重要的，例如: JAVA、Perl、PHP和Python。學習這些語言最好的方式是讀專家們的書。

資源: 32本免費的Java程式語言、24本免費的Perl程式語言電子書、21本免費的PHP程式語言電子書、50本免費的Python程式語言電子書。

步驟3: 學習 UNIX
UNIX是多工和多使用者的作業系統，本身設計用於提供良好的系統安全。這些作業系統被 AT&T 貝爾實驗室的一些員工所開發的。最好的學習方式是取得開源碼的版本(例如: centos)，並且你自己安裝/運行。你不用學習UNIX，就可以使用網際網路，但想成為一位網路駭客沒有瞭解UNIX是不太可能的。

資源: 33本免費的Unix電子書

步驟4: 學習一種以上的作業系統
Windows作業系統是最受歡迎的系統，因此，駭客很喜歡學習和攻擊微軟的系統。根據National Vulnerability Database，微軟作業系統有很多的漏洞。微軟作業系統的安裝器(installer)是以二進位的形式發佈的，因此，你無法容易讀懂這些程式碼。二進位的程式碼是將電腦的文字與資料，用數位的方式來表示，只有電腦看得懂這些二進位程式碼。然而，要瞭解Windows是如何將程式寫入、不同的應用程式行為，它將能夠幫助你。最近有一個 Java Web Start 應用程式會自動啟動，甚至你已經將 Java套件(plug-in)關掉。如何成為一位駭客? 你需要知道這些作業系統的弱點，並且要有系統地對待它們。

步驟5: 學習網路概念
當你想要成為一位駭客，網路的概念是不可少的。瞭解網路是如何被建立的是很重要的、你必須知道網路有很多種類、清楚明白 TCP/IP和UDP協定是很重要的，有助於你利用這些網際網路上的漏洞。瞭解子網路、LAN、WAN和VPN。
網路命令的HTTP請求，需要你的指紋。HTTP協定進入網際網路會經過閘道器(gateway)，因此為了要打破障礙你必須學習協定。駭客經常使用HTTP gateway來突破系統安全，並且掌握控制權。Apache Httpd 是一個常見的網頁伺服器，瞭解它的進與出，你將瞭解任何的HTTP或其他應用層協定相關的運作。Nmap 也是一個強而有力的網路掃描工具，駭客和專家用它來確認主機上的漏洞，重點是使用它之前你必須瞭解網路基礎。

步驟6: 簡單的開始閱讀駭客教學
開始是一件簡單又好的事情，閱讀大量的教學更是成為駭客必備的過程，這些教學會使你成為駭客的態度更明確。一些教學的開頭會教你使用Nmap、Nessus和Superscan，和一些駭客程式和工具，這些教學在網路上都找的到。
資源: 駭客視訊教學、駭客文字教學。

步驟7: 研讀密碼學
身為一位駭客專家，你需要瞭解並專精密碼學這門藝術。這項技術的加密和解密，對於網路和網路的運作非常重要。不斷的研讀和練習這項技術，因為可使你通訊時更安全。加密學用於各種資訊安全的方面，例如: 資料的保密、資料的完整性、資料的驗證。密碼學這項技術更進階的應用在ATM提款卡、電腦密碼、電子商務。當這些加密的程式碼，被駭客偷走之後就需要解密，會用到解密這項技術。請研讀各種密碼破解的技術，雖然有很多現成的可用的密碼破解的工具。駭客專家自己寫一個程式來破解密碼，所以研讀密碼學是很重要的。

資源: 20 本免費的密碼學電子書。

步驟8: 做很多的實驗
駭客專家經常需要自己架設一個環境來進行實驗，所以你需要學習如何自己架設一個環境來進行實驗。最簡單的實驗，就是準備一台電腦，然而，為了要提升你的實力，就必須要更多的電腦和硬體設備。試著在自己電腦上面進行實驗是好的，這樣一來可以幫你修正實驗的錯誤。很多駭客都會下載Oracle VirtualBox來進行實驗，至少需要3GB的記憶體和夠力的處理器來進行實驗。安裝虛擬機器的好處是在不影響你的電腦情況下，能夠幫你測試病毒、應用程式、各種的伺服器。

進行實驗時，有幾件事情是需要注意的
1. 實驗開始之前，必須進行備份。
2. 從簡單的事情開始，並且檢查時間點。
3. 當停止的時候知道
4. 紀錄狀況
5. 保持警戒
6. 自動化重複的任務

步驟9: 研讀專家們寫的好書
研讀好書總是能夠強化你的知識，試著研讀道德駭客和企業安全，這些領域的專家寫的書。研讀許多關於駭客的資訊是很重要的，你必須強化你的閱讀速度，如果研讀太慢你可能趕不上這個領域的進展。練習閱讀的技巧，例如: 瀏覽文章、區塊閱讀等等。當你這麼做的時候，你就會明白這些網頁內的主要內容，是否值得你繼續花費時間閱讀，這件事情很重要。

步驟10: 下一個階段，寫漏洞
程式漏洞是程式的弱點，發現程式有已知的漏洞，並且分享出去是一個好方法。這個方法，你可以從不同的來源，收集到各種不同的意見，並且磨練你的技巧。電腦漏洞的範例，包含了違反記憶體安全(memory safety violation)、輸入驗證錯誤(input validation error)、特權混亂的問題(privilege confusion bugs)、使用者介面錯誤(user interface failure)。舉個例子，微軟 IE 11的前一個版本有漏洞，很多駭客都利用這個漏洞。在現實生活中，確認任何軟體弱點的運作，是駭客專家們該做的事情。

步驟11: 對於開源安全專案的貢獻
在開源安全專案上面的貢獻，可以順便測試你的能力，很多組織都會提供這類的開源專案，例如: Mozilla、Apache。試著為這些開源社群，貢獻有價值的東西。加入開源安全專案，會幫助你增強駭客功力，例如: 反垃圾郵件、反毒、防火牆、資料清除。將你發現的漏洞貢獻給全球漏洞資料庫，並且回饋給社群。記住，無論你的貢獻有多渺小，但你的貢獻是有價值的。

步驟12: 繼續學習並且持續觀看安全會談
駭客事業要成功的關鍵，就是要不斷的保持學習。閱讀駭客的部落格，例如: 黑客工廠。還有一些線上影音，例如: TED或TechTalk。


35本C語言電子書 (書名)
1. Functional C by Pieter Hartel, Henk Muller - Addison-Wesley, 1999
2. Programming in C: UNIX System Calls and Subroutines using C by A. D. Marshall - Cardiff University, 1999
3. A to Z of C by K. Joseph Wesley, R. Rajesh Jeba Anbiah, 2008
4. 88 C Programs by JT Kalnay - Smashwords, 2012
5. Learn C The Hard Way by Zed A. Shaw - LCodeTHW, 2011
6. Programming in C by Bharat Kinariwala, Tep Dobry - University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993
7. Object-Oriented Programming with ANSI-C by Axel-Tobias Schreiner, 1999
8. Conceptive C by Harry McGeough - Smashwords, 2011
9. Object-Oriented Programming and the Objective-C Language - NeXT Software, Inc., 1996
10. C Programming - Wikibooks, 2006
11. A Little C Primer - Wikibooks, 2010
12. Foundations of Computer Science: C Edition by Al Aho, Jeff Ullman - W. H. Freeman, 1994
13. Become an Xcoder: Start Programming the Mac Using Objective-C by B. Altenberg, A. Clarke, P. Mougin - CocoaLab, 2008
14. Objective-C 2.0 Essentials by Neil Smyth - Techotopia, 2010
15. Using GCC: The GNU Compiler Collection Reference Manual for GCC by Richard M. Stallman - Free Software Foundation, 2003
16. No Bugs!: Delivering Error-Free Code in C and C++ by David Thielen - Addison-Wesley, 1992
17. Debugging C and C++ code in a Unix environment by J. H. M. Dassen, I. G. Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper – OOPWeb.com
18. C Programming in Linux by David Haskins - BookBoon, 2009
19. The GNU C Programming Tutorial by Mark Burgess, Ron Hale-Evans - Free Software Foundation, 2002
20. The GNU C Library Reference Manual by Sandra Loosemore, at al. - Free Software Foundation, Inc., 2007
21. Learning GNU C by Ciaran O'Riordan, 2002
22. Learning Cocoa with Objective-C by James Duncan Davidson - O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2002
23. The Objective-C 2.0 Programming Language - Apple Inc., 2009
24. Beej's Guide to Network Programming - Using Internet Sockets by Brian Hall, 2008
25. ANSI C for Programmers on UNIX Systems by Tim Love, 1999
26. C Programming Tutorial (K&R version 4) by Mark Burgess, 1999
27. The C Library Reference Guide by Eric Huss, 1997
28. C Language Tutorial by Gordon Dodrill - Applix Pty Ltd, 1999
29. C Elements of Style by Steve Oualline - M & T Books, 1992
30. Writing Bug-Free C Code for Windows by Jerry Jongerius - Prentice Hall, 1995
31. The New C Standard by Derek M. Jones - Addison-Wesley Professional, 2008
32. An Introduction to GCC by Brian J. Gough, Richard M. Stallman - Network Theory Ltd, 2004
33. Image Processing in C: Analyzing and Enhancing Digital Images by Dwayne Philipps - R & D Books, 1997
34. The C Book: Featuring the ANSI C Standard by Mike Banahan, Declan Brady, Mark Doran - Addison-Wesley Pub, 1991
35. Object Oriented Programming in ANSI-C by Axel Schreiner, 2001

32本免費的Java程式語言
1. Introduction to Web Services with Java by Kiet T. Tran - Bookboon, 2013
2. Java Reference Guide by Steven Haines - Pearson Education, 2003
3. Java Persistence by James Sutherland, Doug Clarke - Wikibooks, 2012
4. Foundations of Jini 2 Programming by Jan Newmarch - Apress, 2006
5. Java Distributed Computing by Jim Farley - O'Reilly Media, 1998
6. Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in Java by Clifford A. Shaffer - Dover Publications, 2012
7. Object Oriented Programming using Java by Simon Kendal - BookBoon, 2009
8. JXTA JXSE Programmers Guide 2.5 - Sun Microsystems, 2007
9. Java Structures: Data Structures in Java for the Principled Programmer by Duane A. Bailey - McGraw-Hill, 2007
10. Java Precisely by Peter Sestoft - IT University of Copenhagen, 2000
11. HTTP Programming Recipes for Java Bots by Jeff Heaton - Heaton Research, Inc., 2007
12. Introduction to Neural Networks for Java by Jeff Heaton - Heaton Research, Inc., 2008
13. Java: Classes in Java Applications by David Etheridge - BookBoon, 2009
14. JXTA by Brendon J. Wilson - New Riders Publishing, 2002
15. Finite-state Automata in Java by Bradley Kjell - Cental Connecticut State University, 2001
16. Concurrent Programming Using Java by Stephen J. Hartley, 2005
17. Introduction to Java and OOA/OOD for Web Applications by Alvin J. Alexander - DevDaily.com, 2002
18. The Design Patterns Java Companion by James W. Cooper, 1998
19. Java Language Reference by Mark Grand - O'Reilly, 1997
20. Java in a Nutshell by David Flanagan - O'Reilly, 1997
21. Java(TM) Platform Performance: Strategies and Tactics by Steve Wilson, Jeff Kesselman - Prentice Hall PTR, 2000
22. The Java Virtual Machine Specification, 2nd Edition by Tim Lindholm, Frank Yellin - Prentice Hall PTR, 1999
23. Programming Principles in Java: Architectures and Interfaces by David Schmidt - Kansas State University, 2003
24. Sun Certified Java Programmer Pre-Exam Essentials by Dylan Walsh, 2002
25. Data Structures and Algorithms with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in Java by Bruno R. Preiss - Wiley, 1999
26. Java Testing and Design by Frank Cohen - Prentice Hall PTR, 2004
27. Processing XML with Java by Elliotte Rusty Harold - Addison-Wesley Professional, 2002
28. 1000 Java Tips by Alexandre Patchine, Dr. Heinz M. Kabutz, 2005
29. Beyond Java by Bruce Tate - O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2005
30. Securing Java: Getting Down to Business with Mobile Code by Gary McGraw, Edward W. Felten - Wiley, 1999
31. The Java Language Specification, 3rd edition by James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy Steele, Gilad Bracha - Prentice Hall PTR, 2005
32. Practical Artificial Intelligence Programming in Java by Mark Watson - Lulu.com, 2008

24本免費的Perl程式語言電子書
1. Exploring Programming Language Architecture in Perl by Bill Hails, 2010
2. Mastering Perl by brian d foy - O'Reilly Media, 2007
3. Perl Programming - Wikibooks, 2012
4. Perl 6 Programming - Wikibooks, 2010
5. Using Perl 6 by Jonathan S. Duff, et al., 2012
6. Beginning Perl by Curtis 'Ovid' Poe - Wrox, 2012
7. Object Oriented Perl by Damian Conway - Manning Publications, 1999
8. Modern Perl by chromatic - Onyx Neon Press, 2010
9. Perl 5 Internals by Simon Cozens - NetThink, 2001
10. Perl for Beginners by Geoffrey Sampson - BookBoon, 2010
11. Unix and Perl Primer for Biologists by Keith Bradnam, Ian Korf - Korf Lab, 2010
12. Picking Up Perl by Bradley M. Kuhn - ebb.org, 2001
13. Higher-Order Perl: Transforming Programs with Programs by Mark Jason Dominus - Morgan Kaufmann, 2005
14. Practical Perl Programming by A. D. Marshall - Cardiff School of Computer Science, 2005
15. Perl 5 Tutorial by Chan Bernard Ki Hong, 2003
16. Perl 5 Pocket Reference by Johan Vromans, Linda Mui - O'Reilly, 2000
17. Impatient Perl by Greg London - Lulu.com, 2004
18. Perl for the Web by Chris Radcliff - New Riders Press, 2001
19. Practical mod_perl by Eric Cholet, Stas Bekman - O'Reilly, 2003
20. Embedding Perl in HTML With Mason by Dave Rolsky, Ken Williams - O'Reilly, 2002
21. Beginning Perl by Simon Cozens, Peter Wainwright - Wrox Press, 2000
22. Web Client Programming with Perl by Clinton Wong - O'Reilly, 1997
23. Extreme Programming in Perl by Robert Nagler - O'Reilly Media, 2005
24. Learning Perl the Hard Way by Allen B. Downey - Green Tea Press, 2003

21本免費的PHP程式語言電子書
1.PHP with Guru99 by Krishna Rungta - Smashwords, 2013
2.Code Happy by Dayle Rees - Lulu.com, 2012
3.PHP: The Right Way by Josh Lockhart - phptherightway.com, 2012
4.PHP Best Practices by Alex Cabal - phpbestpractices.org, 2012
5.PHP ProgrammingPHP Programming - Wikibooks, 2012
6.More with symfony by Fabien Potencier, Ryan Weaver - Sensio SA, 2009
7.A Gentle Introduction to symfony by Francois Zaninotto, Fabien Potencier - Sensio SA, 2010
8.Practical PHP Testing by Giorgio Sironi, 2009
9.Doctrine ORM for PHP by Jonathan H. Wage, Konsta Vesterinen - Sensio SA, 2010
10.Developing PHP Applications for IBM Data Servers - IBM Redbooks, 2006
11.The Oracle PHP Cookbook by John Alphonse, Justin Kestelyn - Oracle, 2009
12.PHP Security Guide - PHP Security Consortium, 2005
13.The Underground PHP and Oracle Manual by Christopher Jones, Alison Holloway - Oracle, 2008
14.Zend Framework: Surviving The Deep End by Pádraic Brady, 2009
15.PHP TipsSuper Awesome Advanced CakePHP Tips by Matt Curry - PseudoCoder.com, 2009
16.PHP Cookbook by Adam Trachtenberg, David Sklar - O'Reilly Media, 2006
17.PHP Reference: Beginner to Intermediate PHP5 by Mario Lurig - Lulu.com, 2008
18.PHP EssentialsPHP Essentials - Techotopia, 2008
19.Practical PHP Programming by Paul Hudson, 2007
20.The Definitive Guide to symfony by Fabien Potencier, François Zaninotto - Apress, 2007
21.PHP 5 Power Programming by Andi Gutmans, Stig Bakken, Derick Rethans - Prentice Hall PTR, 2004

50本免費的Python程式語言電子書
1. Python Cookbook by David Beazley, Brian K. Jones - O'Reilly Media, 2013
2. Python for Education by Ajith Kumar - Inter University Accelerator Centre, 2010
3. Hacking Secret Ciphers with Python by Al Sweigart, 2013
4. Effective Django by Nathan Yergler - PyCon, 2013
5. The Python Game Book by Horst Jens et al. - thepythongamebook.com, 2012
6. Test-Driven Development with Python by Harry Percival - O'Reilly Media, 2013
7. PyQt4 Tutorial by Jan Bodnar - ZetCode, 2013
8. Python Programming by Hannes Röst, et al. - Wikibooks, 2013
9. Python Scientific Lecture Notes by EuroScipy tutorial team, 2012
10. The Art and Craft of Programming: Python Edition by John C. Lusth - The University of Alabama, 2012
11. Porting to Python 3: An in-depth guide by Lennart Regebro, 2011
12. Introduction to Python for Econometrics, Statistics and Numerical Analysis by Kevin Sheppard, 2012
13. Python Scripting for Computational Science by Hans Petter Langtangen - Springer, 2009
14. The Programming Historian by W.J. Turkel, A. Crymble, A. MacEachern - NiCHE, 2010
15. Programming Computer Vision with Python by Jan Erik Solem - O'Reilly Media, 2012
16. An Introduction to Python by John C. Lusth - The University of Alabama, 2012
17. Design Patterns In Python by Rahul Verma, Chetan Giridhar - Testing Perspective, 2011
18. Making Games with Python and Pygame by Al Sweigart, 2012
19. Learning to Program with Python by Richard L. Halterman - Southern Adventist University, 2011
20. How to Think Like a Computer Scientist: Learning with Python by Jeffrey Elkner, Allen B. Downey, Chris Meyers - Green Tea Press, 2012
21. Natural Language Processing with Python by Steven Bird, Ewan Klein, Edward Loper - O'Reilly Media, 2009
22. Learn Python The Hard Way by Zed A. Shaw, 2011
23. Think Stats: Probability and Statistics for Programmers by Allen B. Downey - Green Tea Press, 2011
24. Python for Informatics: Exploring Information by Charles Severance - PythonLearn, 2010
25. Start Here: Python Programming for Beginners by Jody Scott Ginther - toonzcat.com, 2010
26. Practical Programming in Python by Jeffrey Elkner, at al., 2010
27. Introduction to Media Computation: A Multimedia Cookbook in Python by Mark Guzdial - Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002
28. Snake Wrangling for Kids by Jason R Briggs - Lulu.com, 2007
29. The Definitive Guide to Django by A. Holovaty, J. Kaplan-Moss - Apress, 2007
30. Python course in Bioinformatics by Katja Schuerer, Catherine Letondal - Pasteur Institute, 2008
31. Python 201: (Slightly) Advanced Python Topics by Dave Kuhlman, 2003
32. Python 101: Introduction to Python by Dave Kuhlman, 2008
33. Python for Fun by Chris Meyers, 2004
34. The Python Imaging Library by Fredrik Lundh, Matthew Ellis - PythonWare, 2002
35. Python Tutorial by Guido van Rossum - Python Software Foundation, 2008
36. Python 2.5 Quick Reference by Richard Gruet, 2007
37. How To Write Your Own Software Using Python by Steven F. Lott, 2008
38. The Python Language Reference Manual by Guido Van Rossum - Network Theory Ltd., 2003
39. Data Structures and Algorithms with Object-Oriented Design Patterns in Python by Bruno R. Preiss, 2004
40. Think Python: An Introduction to Software Design by Allen Downey - Green Tea Press, 2008
41. Learn to Program Using Python by Alan Gauld - Addison-Wesley Professional, 2000
42. Introduction to Programming using Python by K. Schuerer, et al. - Pasteur Institute, 2008
43. Text Processing in Python by David Mertz - Addison-Wesley Professional, 2003
44. A Byte of Python (for Python 3.0) by Swaroop C H, 2008
45. Non-Programmers Tutorial For Python by Josh Cogliati - Wikibooks, 2005
46. Building Skills in Python by Steven F. Lott, 2008
47. Python Standard Library by Fredrik Lundh - O'Reilly, 2001
48. GUI Programming with Python: QT Edition by Boudewijn Rempt - OpenDocs, LLC, 2002
49. Dive Into Python by Mark Pilgrim - Apress, 2004
50. An Introduction to Python by Guido van Rossum - Network Theory Ltd., 2006

33本免費的Unix電子書
1. Introduction to Unix by F.G. Fiamingo, L. DeBula, L. Condron - The Ohio State University, 1998
2. Guide to X11 by Steve Ambler, et al. - Wikibooks, 2010
3. Guide to Unix - Wikibooks, 2010
4. The Craft of Text Editing by Craig A. Finseth - Lulu.com, 2006
5. An Awk Primer by Aurelio A. Heckert - Wikibooks, 2011
6. A Quick Introduction to Unix by Jim Tyson, et al. - Wikibooks, 2011
7. Bourne Shell Scripting - Wikibooks, 2011
8. Learning the vi editor - Wikibooks, 2006
9. The Daemon, the Gnu, and the Penguin by Peter H. Salus - Reed Media Services, 2008
10. Unix System Administration by Frank G. Fiamingo - The Ohio State University, 1996
11. Writing GNOME Applications by John R. Sheets - Addison-Wesley Professional, 2000
12. Motif Programming Manual by Dan Heller, Paula Ferguson, David Brennan - O'Reilly, 1994
13. Motif Programming by Dave Marshall - Cardiff School of Computer Science, 1999
14. Grokking the GIMP by Carey Bunks - Sams, 2000
15. Filesystem Hierarchy Standard by R. Russell, D. Quinlan, C. Yeoh - Filesystem Hierarchy Standard Group, 2004
16. Effective AWK Programming by Arnold D. Robbins, 2001
17. C-shell Cookbook by Malcolm J. Currie - Starlink Project, 2006
18. MH and xmh: Email for Users and Programmers by Jerry Peek - O'Reilly, 1995
19. The Unix Programming Environment by Mark Burgess - Oslo College, 2001
20. GNU Bash Reference Manual by Chet Ramey, Brian Fox - Network Theory Ltd., 2006
21. Beej's Guide to Unix Interprocess Communication by Brian "Beej Jorgensen" Hall, 2007
22. The Book of Webmin by Joe Cooper - No Starch Press, 2003
23. Porting UNIX Software by Greg Lehey - O'Reilly, 1995
24. ANSI C for Programmers on UNIX Systems by Tim Love, 1999
25. AIX Reference for Sun Solaris Administrators by IBM Redbooks - Vervante, 2002
26. IBM Certification Study Guide AIX V4.3 System Administration by IBM Redbooks - IBM, 1999
27. UNIX Text Processing by Dale Dougherty, Tim O'Reilly - Hayden Books, 1987
28. Bash Guide for Beginners by Machtelt Garrels, 2008
29. The Art of UNIX Programming by Eric S. Raymond - Addison-Wesley Professional, 2003
30. Secure Programming for Linux and Unix HOWTO by David A. Wheeler, 2003
31. The UNIX-HATERS Handbook by Simson Garfinkel, Daniel Weise, Steven Strassmann - John Wiley & Sons Inc, 1994
32. Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide by Mendel Cooper - Lulu.com, 2008
33. The Unix Shell Guide by Norman J. Buchanan, Douglas M. Gingrich - University of Alberta, 1996

駭客視訊教學
1. Open Security Training
2. OWASP AppSec USA 2011
3. Defcon: How I Met your Girlfriend
4. Defcon: What happens when you steal a hackers computer
5. Defcon: Nmap: Scanning the Internet
6. Public Key Cryptography: Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange
7. Web application Pen testing With Mutillidae
8. Intro to Scanning Nmap, Hping, Amap, TCPDump, Metasploit

駭客文字教學
1. Hacking Tutorials for Beginners - By BreakTheSecurity.com
2. How to learn Ethical hacking - By Astalavista.com
3. Backtrack Penetration Testing Tutorial
4. Introduction to Penetration Testing
5. Information Gathering with Nmap
6. Simple How To Articles By Open Web Application Security
7. The Six Dumbest Ideas in Computer Security
8. Secure Design Principles
9. 10 steps to secure software

20本免費的密碼學電子書
1. Hacking Secret Ciphers with Python by Al Sweigart, 2013
2. Mathematical Cryptology by Keijo Ruohonen - Tampere University of Technology, 2010
3. Visual Cryptography and Its Applications by Jonathan Weir, WeiQi Yan - BookBoon, 2012
4. Become a Code Breaker with Python by Al Sweigart - inventwithpython.com, 2011
5. Military Cryptanalysis by William F. Friedman - NSA, 1936
6. The Laws of Cryptography with Java Code by Neal R. Wagner - Univ. of Texas San Antonio, 2003
7. Fundamentals of Cryptology: A Professional Reference and Interactive Tutorial by Henk C. A. van Tilborg - Springer, 1999
8. Public-Key Cryptography: Theory and Practice by Bodo Moeller - TU Darmstadt, 2003
9. Basic Cryptanalysis - United States Department of the Army, 1990
10. A brief introduction of quantum cryptography for engineers by Bing Qi, Li Qian, Hoi-Kwong Lo - arXiv, 2010
11. Quantum Cryptography by N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel, H. Zbinden - arXiv, 2001
12. Coding Theory and Cryptography by David Joyner - Springer, 2000
13. Introduction to Modern Cryptography by Mihir Bellare, Phillip Rogaway, 2005
14. Foundations of Cryptography by Oded Goldreich - Cambridge University Press, 2007
15. An introduction to Cryptography by Phil Zimmermann, 1998
16. Lecture Notes on Cryptography by Shafi Goldwasser, Mihir Bellare, 2008
17. Handbook of Applied Cryptography by Alfred Menezes, Paul van Oorschot, Scott Vanstone - CRC-Press, 1996
18. Cryptography, A Study on Secret Writings by Andre Langie - Aegean Park Press, 1922
19. Cryptography and Security in Computing by Jaydip Sen (ed.) - InTech, 2012
20. Cryptography and Data Securit by Dorothy Elizabeth Rob, ling Denning - Addison-Wesley, 1982

文章出處:  EFY Times.com
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微處理機

數位邏輯

程序人生

VerySource

神奇寶貝GIF 

臺灣證券交易所投資人知識網

處理器x86和x64指的是?
x86指的是通用暫存器有32位元、x64指的是通用暫存器有64位元，所以說處理器的位元數，指的就是通用暫存器是幾個位元。

注意

第一點，定址能力與處理器的位元數無關，舉個例子，早期的處理器8086(16位元)，定址能力1MB，而不是2^16。再舉個例子，處理器80286(16位元)，定址能力是16MB，所以定址能力與處理器的位元數無關。

第二點，x86其實是指過去處理器的通稱，Intel以前的處理器大多以86為其產品編號的末兩碼──8086、80286、386、486……。即使到了 Pentium時代，大家私底下還是用586、686這樣的說法。不過，太舊的處理器我們就不去探討了，總之，現在我們講x86，其實就是泛指過去32位元的處理器──就是這樣，x86等於32位元。

參考自: iT自救術x86和x64到底有什麼差異?